What is UNIDROIT?
The International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT) is an independent intergovernmental organisation that pursues the harmonisation, coordination, and modernisation of private and commercial law. A global organisation, UNIDROIT comprises 65 Member States from five continents, representing a wide variety of legal, economic, political, and cultural systems. Together, its Members represent over 90% of global nominal GDP and over 70% of the world’s population.
Foundation of the Institute (1924-1928)
UNIDROIT was founded in 1926 as an auxiliary organ of the League of Nations. On behalf of Italy, Count Cippico declared his Government’s intention to fund the Institute before the Assembly of the League on 26 September 1924 (Doc. 1). He tied the unification of rights and duties of persons to the goal of “preparing a better humanity” and achieving “universal peace”. Following further exchanges and the completion of internal procedures, the agreement was brought to formal conclusion through an exchange of letters between the Italian Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Benito Mussolini, and the President of the Council of the League of Nations, Ishii Kikujirō. Internal correspondence of the League of Nations indicates that the second letter was sent on 20 April 1926, which has hence become known as the date on which the Institute was founded (Docs. 2 and 3).
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Letter of 31 March 1926 confirming the Italian proposal by Italian PM and MFA Mussolini (pp. 1, 5)
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Doc. 3 - Notes 22 avril 1926
Note of 22 April 1926 from League of Nations Council Pres. Ishii to his SG, Sir Drummond, confirming that the final draft of his response to the Italian Government (in attachment) was sent on 20 April 1926
The display case below features the founding exchange of letters, as extracted from the Official Journal of the League of Nations and circulated to its bodies, and the Royal Law Decree of 3 September 1926, which executed the agreement between the two organisations. The inaugural session was held on 30 May 1928 in the presence of the King of Italy, the Italian Prime Minister, representatives of the League of Nations and the various diplomatic corps (Doc. 4). The first session of the Governing Council of the Institute was held immediately thereafter, chaired by the first President of the Institute, Italian Senator Vittorio Scialoja, and featuring a diverse group of some of the most eminent civil law jurists of the time, hailing from a variety of legal traditions (Doc. 5).
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| Founding exchange of letters – Excerpt intended for circulation and publication in the Official Journal of the League of Nations (29 April 1926) |

Royal Law Decree of 3 September 1926, No. 2220 – Approval of the foundation of an International Institute for the Unification of Private Law in Rome
Relaunch as an International Organisation (1940-1949)
The continuity of the Institute as an auxiliary organ of the League of Nations was called into question when Italy left the League in 1937. Nevertheless, despite the change of circumstances, there endured a shared conviction among governments and academics that the Institute’s activities somehow still had to continue. In 1940, the Italian Government issued a memorandum to that effect, urging all its diplomatic representations to propose the relaunch of the Institute to receiving States in the form of an international organisation, independent from the League of Nations (see display case below), on the basis of a Statute open to ratification by all governments. A total of 23 States ratified that first year, with strong representation from Europe and South America – a testament to the perception that the technical nature of the Institute justified the continuation of its operations regardless of the tragic events that ensued in World War II. More States joined at the end of the War: the first was the Holy See (1945), as reported in a letter of the Institute’s then-President Massimo Pilotti to the Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Alcide De Gasperi, mentioning the designation of Prince Carlo Pacelli, the nephew of Pope Pius XII, as delegate (Doc. 1). An overall strategy was developed to gain the membership of prominent countries and enhance cooperation with what would become the United Nations (Docs. 2, 3, and 4). States from all continents continued to join, from the 1950s to the present day, confirming UNIDROIT’s truly global reach. Particularly significant regional milestones include the memberships of France (1948), United Kingdom (1948), India (1950), Nigeria (1964) and the United States of America (1964). A publication of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs from the late 1970s contains a record of the ratifications effected up to that time (Doc. 5). UNIDROIT now counts 65 Member States.
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| Memorandum and circular of the Italian MFA urging its diplomatic representations to propose the adhesion of receiving States to the new Statute (2 and 29 January 1940) |

Organic Statute of 15 March 1940
Video History: Archival Footage from the Istituto Luce (1926-1953)
The opening four images of the video, from the inauguration of the Institute in 1928, lead the viewer from the forecourt into the interiors of Villa Aldobrandini. The first image offers a view of the villa’s façade (Doc. 1); the second dwells on the arched entrance, with the renowned fountain receding in the background (Doc. 2). The third image records the delegation of the Italian Prime Minister, posing before the entrance (Doc. 3). The fourth image depicts the King of Italy, Vittorio Emanuele III of Savoy, seated in the front row of the Map Room during the inauguration (Doc. 4).

The following newsreel segment, also recorded on the occasion of the inauguration, documents the Italian Prime Minister walking through the gardens of Villa Aldobrandini (Doc. 5). The next two photographs show members of the Institute’s Governing Council gathered in the Parquet Hall during a meeting in 1929 with the first UNIDROIT President, Senator Vittorio Scialoja, standing in the centre (Docs. 6–7), while the subsequent image offers a glimpse of the archaeological excavations in the Villa’s gardens that began in 1927 and continued in the years that followed (Doc. 8). The final two videos illustrate how the history of the Institute, and of the unification of law, intersects with European integration. On 26 February 1953, the Institute hosted the “Conference of the Six”, devoted to the implementation of the recently-ratified European Community of Steel and Carbon Treaty and to further prospects for integration, including the creation of a customs union. The footage, featuring two founding fathers of European integration, then-President of the Council of Ministers of Italy Alcide De Gasperi and Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany Konrad Adenauer, evokes “the harmonies of Villa Aldobrandini as a wish for concord” (Doc. 9). On 15 October 1953, the “Round Table of Europe” was held in the villa’s halls, attended once again by De Gasperi, alongside Robert Schuman, another of the principal architects of European unification, and which was devoted to the theme of Europe’s cultural unity (Doc. 10).